Cushing's Syndrome – Ectopic ACTH Ectopic ACTH production may be associated with a large number of tumours, most commonly small (oat) cell bronchial carcinomas, or bronchial and thymic neuroendocrine tumours of the carcinoid type (Fig. 8.9), other gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours, and neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreatic islets.